The zoo was founded by an association called Natura Artis Magistra (Latin for 'Nature is the Master of Art') back in 1838, which makes it the oldest zoo on the European continent. Famous biologists have studied and worked here among the rich collection of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects, fish, trees and plants. Unfortunately some of the cramped enclosures hardly seem to have progressed since the 19th century, but the zoo's layout with ponds, statues and winding pathways through lush surroundings (remnants of some of the former Plantage gardens) is very pleasant. Concerts and art exhibitions
are also held here to observe the original aim of the association, which was to link nature and art.
A highlight of the zoo is the fascinating aquarium, the oldest in the country (1882) with some 2000 fish; its many exhibits include a cross section of an Amsterdam canal. There's also a planetarium (Dutch commentary with a summary in English), and zoological and geological museums. The zoo is open daily from 9 am to 5 pm and entry costs f25 (children aged between 4 and 11 pay fI 7.50, free for toddlers). The fee includes the museums and the hourly shows at the planetarium. Lower prices are charged in September.